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Specialized treatment of Thyroid Disorders:
Thyroid gland is one of the endocrine gland that makes hormones to regulate physiological functions in the body.
Disorders:
An overactive gland- hyperthyroidism (Graves Disease, Toxic Adenoma)
An underactive gland- hypothyroidism (Hashimatos Thyroiditis)
Treatment:
For Hypothyroidism – Thyroid hormone replacement pills.
For Hyperthyroidism – Medication
- Radioactive Iodine
- Surgical Removal
Specialized treatment of both IDDM & NIDDM Diabetes:
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which means a problem with the process by which food is digested and used as energy by body.
Treatment of IDDM:
Treated with combination of regular and NPH insulin or synthetic insulin analogs.
Treatment of NIDDM:
A long term formulation is usually added initially , while continuing oral medications . Doses of insulin are then increased to effect.
Obesity:
It refers to an excessive amount of body fat.
Treatment:
- Bariatric surgery is a method of weight loss for severally obese who are unable to loose weight by other means.
- Surgical approaches include laparoscopic procedures.
- Open weight loss surgery.
Unwanted Hairs:
Excessive hair growth can be identified by many different terms:
- Hirsutism : Hairs on a woman that matches a male hair pattern on a female body.
- Hypertrichosis : Excessive hair on men or women that tends to be in places that are outside the pattern areas.
- Superfluous Hairs : Also known as garden variety “unwanted hairs”are considered such whenever it appears on areas of body that are considered to be either culturally unacceptable or unattractive.
Causes:
- Excessive androgen secretion
- Obesity
- Stress
- Genetics
- Overactive adrenal gland
- Oral contraceptives
- Diabetes
- Thyroid Disorders
Hormonal Treatment for Unwanted Hairs:
- Spironolactone(antiandrogen drug)
- Corticosteroids
- GnRH ( Gonadrotropin releasing hormone)
- Natural progesterone therapy
Other Treatment Modalities:
- Tweezing
- Shaving
- LASER
- Electrolysis
Resistant Hypertension:
For resistant hypertension older age and obesity are the most stronger risk factors. It is defined as blood pressure that remains above goal inspite of concurrent use of three antihypertensive agents of different classes.
Pharmacologic Therapy:
- Diuretics
- Aldosterone antagonists
Experimental Therapies:
- Catheter based radiofrequency ablation of renal sympathetic nerves.
- Electrical stimulation of carotid sinus baroreceptors.
Male & Female Infertility:
- Infertility is fundamentally the inability to conceive offspring.
- Medical treatment of infertility generally involves the use of fertility medications, medical device , surgery or combination of the following.
- Physician also suggest using a conception cap, cervical cap.
- WHNP introduced sperm into the uterus during ovulation via a catheter . In this method fertilization occurs inside the body.
- WHNP also suggest in-vitro fertilization ( IVF) and related techniques ( ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called as assisted reproductive technology(ART).
Other Treatment:
- Tuboplasty
- Assisted hatching.
PCOD (poly Cystic Ovarian Disease):
It is a problem in which a womans hormones are out of balance . it can cause problems with your periods and make it difficult to get pregnant. There is development of small cysts on ovaries therefore called as poly cystic ovary syndrome.
Treatment:
- Regular exercise, healthy food, weight control.
- Birth controlling pills are also used to reduce symptoms.
- Metformin is given for regulating menstrual cycles.
Various disorders of Pituitary Gland:
It can affect many different parts of the body.
Conditions such as:
- acromegaly
- Cushing syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypogonadism
- Pituitary tumors
- Hyperprolactinemia
These all are the result of pituitary gland diseases.
Treatment:
Surgery to remove the affected gland is the main stay of treatment for pituitary disorders.
Typical kind of surgeries are:
- A transsphenoidal hypophysectomy which removes the tumor through a cut in the nasal passage.
- A craniotomy which removes the tumor through a cut in the front of the skull.
- Resection of large or small functional pituitary tumors including above discussed.
Disorders of Adrenal Gland:
Adrenal gland are orange colored endocrine gland which are located on the top of both kidneys.
Adrenal disorder can occur when the adrenal glands either produce excessive or inadequate amount of hormones.
It includes:
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Cushing’s Syndrome
- Pheochromocytoma
Treatment:
- In mild cases- no treatment required
- In severe cases- tumor or growth leading to adrenal gland malfunction may be surgically removed.
- In case of adrenal cancer – chemotherapy may be employed.
- Hormone therapy can also be used.
Growth Disorders:
- Growth hormones deficiency is a disorder that involves the pituitary gland. When it doesnot produce enough growth hormone , growth will be slower than normal.
- Growth disorder is any type of problem in infants, children or teenagers that prevents normal growth.
Types:
a) Genetic Disorders: eg. Palister – hall syndrome Anencephaly
- Turner syndrome (woman)
- Beckwith – widemann syndrome
b) Endocrine Disorders:
Treatment:
Use of growth hormone( GH) as a prescription medication- it is one form of hormone therapy.
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